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| 1975 |
| | | Surinam wins independence from the Dutch, with Johan Ferrier as the first president | |
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| 1976 |
| | | A military coup in Argentina brings to an end the two-year presidency of Juan Perón's widow, Isabelita | |
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| 1977 |
| | | A treaty provides for the gradual transfer of the Canal Zone from US to Panamanian control | |
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| c. 1978 |
| | | Shining Path and Tupac Amaru emerge as left-wing guerrilla groups in Peru | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Sandinista guerrillas make a surprise attack on the National Palace in Nicaragua, taking more than 1000 people hostage | |
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| 1979 |
| | | The emergency measures underpinning military rule are repealed in Brazil, and an amnesty restores political rights | |
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| 1979 |
| | | A Sandinista junta, headed by Daniel Ortega, takes power in Nicaragua – bringing to an end four decades of brutal rule by the Somoza dynasty | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Daniel Ortega leads the Sandinistas to electoral victory in Nicaragua | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Opponents of the Sandinistas flee from Nicaragua into Honduras, where they become known as the Contras | |
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| 1980 |
| | | The USA ends all aid to Nicaragua and provides funds to train and equip the Contras in neighbouring Honduras | |
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